Abstract: Taking the soft and thick coal seam roadway of Sangshuping Coal Mine in Shaanxi Hancheng Mining Area as the object of study, we set the stations in 3^# coal 4319 fully mechanized top coal caving face roadway, and set up directional positioning drillin; the physical characteristics of the damage and deformation of the coal body around the borehole are detected by the electronic microscope. We take a hole to repeat the test method, and the test method of ultrasonic testing is used to test the loose circle of surrounding rock. The results show that: the measurement of surrounding rock loose circle is generally in the range of 1.63 to 2.0 m. Looking from the optical effects of view, the holes of coal are mostly black color, luster is dim. Hole wall integrity is poor, the memory hole with a large number of deposition, rugged, floating loose coal particles manifests the soft coal characteristics.