Abstract: On account of the problems that the rocks are damaged at the low temperature, for the further research on the mechanical properties of the coal and rock mass at the low temperature, the samples of Huangling coal and rock mass were selected and frozen to the different temperatures between -60 ℃ and 20 ℃. Then the uniaxial compression about them was experimented for the study on the mechanical properties and fracture characteristics. The results are as follows: the volumes of the coal and rock mass obviously shrink at the low temperature. The lower the temperature is, the larger the shrinkage of the volume is, the average rate of which is about 0.02 mm/ ℃; according to the curve graph, the area integral method was adopted to quantify the work value caused by the damage of the coal and rock mass at the different temperatures and the absorbed energy in each stage; the strength of the uniaxial compressive increases with the decrease of the temperature, but the coal and rock mass trend to be stable when the temperature is lower than -40 ℃; with the decrease of the temperature, the coal and rock mass gradually present more brittle and weaken their plasticity, which causes some damage such as rock caving.