Abstract: Taking the shallow-source rock burst of Datong Mining Area under the condition of hard coal and rock mass as research object, we research and analyze behavior characteristics of rock burst in Datong Mining Area. By analyzing coal and rock properties, geological conditions and multiple seam mining conditions, the influence of each factor on the occurrence of rock burst is discussed. Combining with practical examples of Xinzhouyao Coal Mine, different combinations of factors affecting rock burst is analyzed. At the same time, the division, monitoring and comprehensive prevention and treatment of hazard area are introduced, and then the comprehensive control system of rock burst in Datong Mining Area is evaluated and optimized.