Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution characteristics of coal seam goaf and stability laws of overlying strata, to provide the basis for goaf comprehensive management, to implement the purpose of ensuring transportation safety. Through the establishment of similar materials, pressure test device, and the displacement measuring device, using the principle of similar material proportion, by similar model test shelf, the physical experiment models were set up. By measuring point relative displacement, the ground surface movement and overburden deformation were observed, the stability of goaf overlying strata was analyzed in different mining thickness, mining depth and reserved coal pillar. The result of this study is to summarize the location and distribution characteristics of coal seam goaf, to give failure process, mechanism and caving laws. At last, the management necessity was pointed out and the suggest measures were proposed for Baoshen railway goaf.