Abstract: Dust particles whose particle sizes are less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) are prime culprits for the dust hazard.The PM2.5 in coal mine are more harmful to human body than those in atmosphere. Thus, the establishment of stricter standard for dust prevention in coal mine is urgently needed, to better control the dust hazard of coal mine, to effectively reduce the occurrence of pneumoconiosis, silicosis, we build a relatively comfortable working environment in coal mine. The distribution of fine dust and the new growth of pneumoconiosis in recent years were analyzed. Meanwhile, the necessities, the theoretical and technical feasibility of the PM2.5 standard were investigated to introduce underground coal mine for dust control. The shortage of common methods for PM2.5 dust control and further research directions were also discussed.