Abstract: In order to clarify the main hazards and its causes in Yima Mining Area and formulate targeted countermeasures for avoiding water accidents, the water filling way, damage degree, evolution law, and problems of the floor karst water, the roof glutenite water, the surface water and the goaf water of the small mines in the shallow area were researched respectively through analyzing of the key past water accidents. With the increase of mining depth and the caving mining technology application, it results in higher water pressure on floor and the water flowing fracture height extension upwards, which respectively causes water disaster accidents for roof and floor. The water accumulation in goaf of a wide range of shallow mine is unknown; part of Xin'an coalfield flooded by Xiaolangdi Reservoir is threaten to mine to make the mine hydrogeological conditions to the complex. Finally, we proposed some countermeasures for the targeted prevention and control of water.