Abstract: Coal gangue spontaneous combustion occurs frequently due to long time accumulation, which affects ecological environment and living environment around the mines, even causes the gangue dump explosion accident. According to the current need of safety, ecological and technological development, it puts forward the further development concept of gangue governance technology. The prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of coal gangue should be referred to a higher cognition level, it must start from the principle of large system, considering safety, resources waste, environmental protection and energy conservation, ecological balance and economic factors, and rely on modern technology, to form the prevention technology system, which took "reasonable accumulation, fair evaluation, prevention in advance, effective monitoring and efficient governance" as the principle.