Abstract: With the application of fully mechanized top coal caving mining technology, it increased the spontaneous combustion probability and control difficulty in goaf. The research status of coal spontaneous combustion monitoring methods were introduced. Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Measurement System(DTS) based on the theory of Raman Scattering in goaf was designed. The industrial test showed that the system could real time monitor temperature accurately and record the alarm information (fault, differential temperature, high temperature) in time. It provides significant basic data for coal spontaneous combustion in early prevention.