Abstract: This article describes underground and ground transient electromagnetic detection application in a coal mine in western China, the distribution laws of tunneling main haulage roadway, sides of return air roadway, tunneling face and about 80 m in front of the water-rich anomaly region are detected, the regions around haulage roadway, return air roadway are carried on TEM detection for meticulously prospecting water-rich area and deducing hydrous geological structure.