Abstract: In order to accurately detect the trend of coal seam, goaf, subsided column, fault and abnormal geological structure in ultra distance, it eliminates the safety hidden of coal mine production from the abnormal geological structure. The paper analyzed the technical characteristics of the directional drilling technology in underground coal mine, and drew a conclusion that directional drilling technology had advantages on high precision, long distance and flexible construction in geologic prospecting in underground coal mine. According to the construction requirements of mine geological exploration, the paper researched the construction method of the directional drilling in mine geological exploration. Field application cases confirmed the superiority of directional drilling technology in coal mine geological exploration with long distance and high accuracy.