Abstract: The different preventive measures should be taken according to the different geological conditions, based on the effect of geological structure on the coal spontaneous combustion. In this paper, the infrared detection and temperature retrieval were carried out on the ground characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion area under the burnt rock, so that whether the fire zones extinguish or not could be accurately determined. So it is not always necessary to control the area covered with burnt rock, thus the cost of fire control could be reduced.