Abstract: In this paper, using the dilatancy anchorage theory as the guide, taking the roof strata of rectangular roadway as layered block structure, according to the dilatancy mechanical characteristics of the anchorage rock structural surface, the test chooses layered block structure materials to build simulation test model. Through the physical simulation experiment, anchoring bolt's stress state and strengthening mechanism in coal seam roof prestressed anchor system are analyzed, and mechanical relationship among correlation parameters in prestressed anchor system is obtained.