Abstract: In order to study the characteristics of natural factors in coal mine accidents, the six categories of natural factors that includes gas, coal dust, spontaneous combustion, hydrogeology, roof and geological structure are described by researching literature and system analysis. Based on over 1500 accident events in "Coal Mine Accidents in China and Expert Comments Set", the distribution characteristics of six types of natural factors are obtained from the aspect of frequency, regional distribution and time distribution by using the number of accidents and death toll as assessing items. Analysis shows that the natural factors have impact on coal mine accident from different extent. The natural factors are useful for coal mine accident, and the influence becomes even more serious as the mining depth is increased.