Abstract: Fluorocarbon surfactants could change coal structure and improve wettability characteristics, thus, it plays a significant role in coal dust prevention and control. Composite dust suppressant based on fluorocarbon surfactant (FS-31) enhancement was developed, and the surface tension and contact angle characteristics were analyzed. Based on the infrared spectrum (FTIR) test and peak fitting, the changes of hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups of coal were quantitatively analyzed. Meanwhile, particle agglomeration behavior and characteristic particle size were studied by combining Malvin particle size experiment and scanning electron microscope test. Results show that the surface tension of binary surfactant compound solution is approximately 30 mN/m. The settling time of some solutions could be as long as 12 hours. Under the enhancement effect of fluorocarbon surfactant, the contact angle of coal becomes smaller and the wettability becomes better. The surface tension of 0.1% FS-31 solution and 0.05% APG, 0.05% sophoricoside solution is as low as 18.04 mN/m, and the settling time of pulverized coal is as low as 74 seconds. With the addition of fluorocarbon surfactant, the hydrophilic functional groups increase. The hydrophilic functional groups of coal treated by 0.3% MES, 0.3% APG and 0.1% FS-31 combined solution is 2.69% and 1.37% more than those of coal treated by MES and APG combined solution and raw coal, respectively. In the same crushing conditions, there are more large coal particles and larger characteristic particle size. The proportion of respirable dust decreases by 53.74%. Therefore, the addition of fluorocarbon surfactant is realistically meaningful to improve prevention and control effect of coal dust.