Abstract: Coalfield spontaneous combustion causes problems such as wastage of coal resources, environmental pollution, casualties, and economic losses. In order to further promote attention to environmental issues during the process of coalfield spontaneous combustion, this paper analyzes the impact of coalfield spontaneous combustion on the environment through literature review and field geological investigation, compares and analyzes greenhouse gas assessment methods, introduces the effects of toxic and harmful gases (SO_x, NO_x, organic matter, Hg, HF) and aerosols on fire areas and surrounding environment, analyzes the damage caused by coal fires to land resources and surface vegetation, explores the impact of coal self-ignition on water quality, and analyzes from a geological perspective the geological disasters caused by coal fires and changes in geological conditions induced by burnt rocks. Combining with the development trend of safe, green, intelligent mining of coal and clean, efficient, low-carbon intensive utilization, the next step is to propose work prospects for reducing greenhouse gas and toxic and harmful gas emissions, evaluating soil and water pollutants, predicting and forecasting geological disasters, and characterizing burnt rocks to save water resources.