Abstract: To clarify the influencing factors and mechanisms of safety cognition among coal mine workers, reduce the occurrence of unsafe behaviors and accidents, and take safety attitude as a mediator, a hypothesis of the relationship between safety cognition, safety attitude, and safety cognition influencing factors is proposed. A structural process model is constructed using AMOS software. The research results indicate that all four factors have a significant positive impact on the safety awareness of miners, and the enterprise safety management system has the greatest impact; enterprise safety education and training, as well as the enterprise safety atmosphere, indirectly affect safety awareness through safety attitudes; on the one hand, the safety management system of enterprises and the safety support of managers directly affect safety awareness, and on the other hand, indirectly affect safety awareness by influencing individual safety attitudes.