Abstract: To explore the impact of safety production responsibility pressure on unsafe behavior of miners, based on emotional cognitive evaluation theory and mindfulness stress buffering theory, and based on survey data from 287 miners, the theoretical hypothesis of the relationship between safety production responsibility pressure and unsafe behavior of miners was tested using methods such as hierarchical regression analysis and Bootstrap. The research results found that regulatory pressure, responsibility risk pressure, professional ethics pressure, safety production requirement pressure, and cognitive pressure all positively affect unsafe behavior through anxiety or emotional exhaustion in the five dimensions of safety production responsibility pressure. Anxiety and emotional exhaustion jointly play a chain mediating role between the five dimensions of safety production responsibility pressure and unsafe behavior; trait mindfulness significantly regulates the relationship between the five dimensions of safety production responsibility pressure and emotional exhaustion.