Abstract: Most coal mine accidents are caused by people’s unsafe behavior, and people’s unsafe behavior is caused by the low level of coal miners’ safety information cognition. In order to prevent and control coal mine safety accidents caused by coal miners’ failure of safety information cognition, through the analysis of typical coal mine accident cases in China in recent years, three first-level indicators and 15 second-level indicators affecting coal miners’ safety information cognition are determined, and the social network analysis method is used to construct the coal miners’ safety information cognition network. Through the overall network density analysis, individual network density analysis, node degree centrality analysis, node intermediate centrality analysis, key influencing factor analysis and important influencing path analysis of safety information cognitive factors, five key influencing factors such as identification understanding ability and safety knowledge are obtained, and the key influencing path is identified.