Abstract: As an improvement of the traditional high density electric method, the mine three-dimensional direct current method based on parallel acquisition has the advantages of high acquisition efficiency, large amount of data and flexible arrangement of observation system; in view of the actual demand of coal mine exploration of water-bearing structure in coal seam roof of mining face, the mine three-dimensional direct current exploration method is studied, and an O-type observation system is designed to carry out synchronous collection of underground full-space potential data, and the corresponding forward and inversion algorithm is adopted to realize three-dimensional full-space resistivity inversion imaging of water-bearing structure. The similar physical simulation experiment and engineering application results verify the validity and reliability of the three dimensional direct current detection method and inversion interpretation method in coal seam roof water damage detection.