Abstract: In order to clarify the influence of loading rate on the damage behavior of coal samples, the uniaxial compression tests of heterogeneous coal samples under different loading rates were carried out based on SAM-2000 rock mechanics test system, and the variation of the failure morphology, stress-strain, elastic modulus, peak stress and peak strain with loading rates were analyzed; the energy damage constitutive model was derived and the rationality of the constitutive model was verified. The study result shows that coal samples can be divided into four stages during the compressive failure process: compaction stage, elastic stage, plastic stage and failure stage; with the change of loading rate, peak strength is positively correlated with loading rate. Elastic modulus firstly increases approximately 70° linearly, and then gradually decreases slowly. With the increase of loading rate, the peak strain of coal pillars first decreases and then increases; the elastic energy and dissipation energy of coal samples show a linear increase with the increase of loading rate. And the specific energy absorption increases with the increase of loading rate. Before the peak stress, the elastic energy is mainly dominated, and the dissipation energy is supplemented, and the failure stage is the opposite. The trend of energy conversion and the damage process of coal samples will not be influenced by loading rates.