Abstract: In order to understand the main occupational disease hazards of coal mines in Huaibei City, from 2019 to 2020, all 16 coal mines in Huaibei City were selected by cluster random sampling to investigate the respiratory dust and noise of main posts, and the incidence of occupational diseases was investigated. The results show that the main occupational hazards in Huaibei coal mines are still dust and noise. The over standard rate of dust blowing posts is 51.88%, and the over standard rate of noise posts is 34.7%. The concentration of respirable dust exposed by coal miners is higher than that of tunnellers and auxiliary workers, and the exposure noise intensity of tunnellers is higher than that of coal miners and auxiliary workers. The occupational health examination for coal miners was carried out well, but the physical examination rate of noise exposed workers (34.49%) was low; the new pneumoconiosis patients are coal miners, tunnellers, etc. The length of exposure to dust and the onset latency of new pneumoconiosis patients in different types of work are different. The control of dust and noise hazards in coal mining and tunneling posts should be further strengthened.